System of control



.B.O.AUSTIN.

SYSTEM 0F CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED ocr. e, I9I9.

1 ,427",342 v Patented Aug. 29, 1922.

jn 2;;5 Zugy -out f LTI 93 Rein WITNESSES: INVENTOR I Baacum 0. Austm I BY /VJQT/g 2 ATTRNEY 'Y To @ZZ @07mm t may concern:

As Newest UNITED sTArEsrimNTfoFi-ics ,y l

BAVSCUMO. AUSTIN, OF WLKNSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTING` HOUSE ELECTRIC t MANUFACTURING- COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F PENNSYL- VANIA.

SYSTEIVI OF CONTROL.

i Specification of Letters Patent. `Patented Allg. 29, 1922.

Application filed October G, 1,919. Serial No. 328,847.

Be it'known that LYBAsoUM 0. AUSTIN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of dilkinsburo', in the county ofiAllegheny and State f 2i'ennsylvania, `have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems of. Control, of which the 'following is a specification.

My invention relates to systems of control for dynamo-electric machines. and it hasY special relation to the automatic control of electric railway motors and the like.`

One object of my invention is to provide auxiliary controllingiapparatus in a system of the above-indicated character" whereby automatic or load-controlled acceleiation of either alternating-current or direct-current motors may be simply and reliably effected.

More specifically stated, itis an object of my invention to govern the operation of a main motor by means of a sequence switch that i is actuated `by* a pilot motor, the energization of which` is dependent upon the load traversing the main motor, whereby the rate of acceleration conforms to the load that the main motor is carrying at the time;

Another object of my invention is to provide system of the character just set forth wherein at times the pilot motor is operated as a straight series machine, while, as soon as the main motor circuitv is closed, the above-mentioned load-controlled action of the pilot motor is automatically inaugura'ted.4

Other objects of my invention will become evident from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with `the accompanying drawing, wlierein- .i

Figure l is a simplified diagrammatic view of a Vsystem ofcontrol embodying the prin ciples of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the main `circuits of another motor system. to which my invention may be applied;

Fig. 3 is a vdiagrammatic view of the/ auxiliary ory control circuits organized in accordancer with my invention for governing the vmain motors that aresliown in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4: vis a sequence chart'of well-known form serving to indicate `the order of operation of the various switches that are shown in F ig. 2. y v

Referring to Fig. l of the drawing, the

`system here shown is of the alternatingcurrent single-phase type comprising supplycircuit conductors Trolley and Ground; f a main motor having a commutator-type armature Al, an exciting or magnetizing field winding F1 and a neutralizing or compensating field winding C1; a pilot motor l for governing the operation of the` main motor and which is itself controlled in part by a main-circuit line switch LS; and an inductive device 2 that is connected in circuit with the pilot motor l for a purpose to be set forth.

The pilot motor l comprises a commutatortype armature 5 and an exciting field winding 6. The line switch LS comprises a movable coiitact disk or plate 7 vfor completinef the circuit of the main driving motor and an interlock or auxiliary switch 8 for con-` nectingtlie main iield winding F1 and the eld winding 6 of thepilot motor iny parallel relation under main-motor operating condi* tions. y

lnitially,tliat is, before the'inain motor is started intov operation, a circuit is completed from the rlrolley through switch 9,*inductive device 2, the armature 5 and the lield winding 6 of the pilot motor l to Ground. In this way, the pilot motor is initially connected torun as astraight series motor to actuatea drum controller oi' the like (not shown) through the agency of a suitable rshaft 1l, for example, for the pur- However, upon, the closure of the line,`

switch LS, either by the drum controller in question or by other means, a main circuit is established from the Trolley through the contact 1member 7 `ot the line switch, field winding Cl,- arniature Al and field winding Fl of the main ,motor to Ground. closure of the switch LS completes, a circuit `from Ground through the main field winding Fl, auxiliary switch or interlock S of the line switch LS, conductor` l0 and field winding 6 of the pilot motor to Ground. Consequently, the current Vtraversing the pilot-motor field winding 6 and, therefore, the spoed of the pilot, motor is dependent upon. the load of the main motor. Since the operating speed of the pilot motor determines the rate of acceleration of the main motor, it follows that such acceleration will The rent relays or the like to intermittently interrupt the control operation.

For direct-current service, the inductive device 2 is not necessary, but should preiterably be employed in alternati iig-current systems oit the type shown in Fig. l in order to obtain more reliable operation. In addition to the automatic control oit the pilot motor l, through the medium of the load current traversing,` the main field winding` Fl, a 'further regulating action will be imposed upon the pilot motor by reason et any changes in power-taeter ot the main motor, which changes will effect a turther slowing,` down ot the pilot motor under heavy load conditions ot the main driving motor.

t will be understood that my invention may also be readily applied to induction motors by connecting` 'the exciting;` lield winding ot the pilot motor, under operating,- conditions et the system, across a resistor or an inductor in the main or secondary eircuits ot the induction motor.

Referring` to the direct-current system that is illustrated in F 2, a plurality of driving motors, respectively having` armatures A3 and Afland field windings F3 and F-l, are adapted :tor series-parallel operation in conjunction with an aecelcrating` resistor l2 by means of a plurality of switches LS1 and LSQ for governing the line connections, lill and R2 tor short-circuiting the accelerating,` resistor, and Gr for etlecting ground connection. The supplycircuit conductors Trolley and Ground are again preferably employed.

Referring' to the governing system shown in Fig. 3, the pilot motor l is adapted to govern a sequence switch 'l5 'for effecting' control of the actuating coils for the various switches that are illustrated in F 2 under predetermined operating` conditions, together with a plurality oit interlocls or auxiliarycircuit members ol the familiar type that is shown in connection with the switch L52 in Fig'. 2, and a master controller MC tor primarily directingv energy derived :trom a control resistor lG to the various circuits.

Assuming;l that it is desired to eliect aeceleration ot the motors illustrated in Fig. Q, an auxiliary switch 2B, which is preterably operated by toot, is concurrently moved toward the le'tt into a circuit-closing aosition Under such conditions, a circuit is established from the Trolley through conductor 20, cont-rol fingers 21 and 22, which are bridged by the 'toot-controlled switch 23 in its operative position, conductor 2Liand the control resistor i6, to Ground.

The pre't'erred form oit mechanical interlocking between the toot-controlled switch 23 and the master controller IVIC, whereby :false operation is prevented, is forth and claimed in a copending application ot' Louis M. Aspinwall and Harry R. lvleyer, Serial llo. 335,492, tiled New'. 3. 1919, and assigned to the ll'lestinghouse Electric da Manufactu ri ng Company.

As soon as the control resistor' 1G is ener- `rgized, a circuit established from a tappoint 25 in the control resistor 1G through conductor 2G, junction-point 2T, actuating coil oit the line switch Lfll, and interloclrs G-out and liSQ-out to second tap-point 4113 in the control resistor. Consequently, the line switch is closed, indicated in step d ot the sequence chart, Fig, et, to complete a main circuit (Fig. from the Trolley through conductor del, junction-point t, conductor liti', switch LS1, conductor t'?, junction-point Zl-S, tield winding' F8, armature A3, the entire acceleratingv resistor l2, armature Al, junction-point 49, and ii winding:` F-t to Ground. ln this way the main motors are connected in series relation with the accelerating resistor l2 across the supply circuit.

The main-circuit connections are not olf my present invention, but are set forth and claimed in a copendingr application ot Andrew H. Candice, Serial llo. 323,342, tiled Oct. (S, 1919, and as gned to the lestingg'house lllectric lllanu'tacturinn' Uompapy.

ihe master controller WIC may then be actuated to its operative position Y) corresponding' to series connection of the motors and operation thereof in the forward direcm tion, whereupon a circuit is established from the tap-point Q5 through conductor 26, junetion-point 52T, conductor 2S, control lingers 29 and 30, which are bridged by contact seg;- ment 31 ot the sequence switch l5, condiuiftor control fingers and 34k, which are bridged by Contact segment $35 ot the master controller, conductor 36, control. lingers 53T and 353. which are bridged by contact segment 39 et the sequence switch l5, conductor 40, armature 5 oit the pilot motor Vl., conductor Llil, junction-point i2 and tield windingr 6 ot the pilot motor to Ground. The pilot motor lV is thus started into operation as a strainl'it series-counectcd motor. and the sequence switch 'l5 gradually approaches its second operative position c.

soon as the curi-cnt in the inain icld winding lll-l has built up, 'the previoi'lslydescribed load control ol" the pilot motor l comes into etl'ect by reason ot the 'fact that conductor 50 connects iiuiction-poiut -l-Sl between the armature A-lf and the tield windine; Allt with junction-point 1-9 between the armature 5 and field winding` (3 ot the pilot motor. ln other words. the field windings lt and (S are connected in parallel relation, described in connection with Fig. l, and subsequent operation ot t-he pilot motor l is dependent upon the load ot the main drivingy motors.

The action et the pilot motor may be CFI zero current obtains in the main field winding F4, the junction-points 42gandy 49 ,arel

practically at ground potential, since the resistances of the field windings F4 and 6 are very low. Consequently, a maximum voltage is impressed across the pilot-motor ar-v mature 5 and a minimum voltage across the field winding 6. On the other hand, with `full-load current flowing through the main motors,junction-points 42 and 49 have an appreciable potential by reason of the voltage drop acrossthe main field winding F4; or inv other words, the armature voltage is decreased and the field-winding voltage is increased, in the pilot motor.

Thus, under accelerating conditions, the armature 5 and the field winding 6 of the pilot motor are jointly and directly affected to produce an increase or decrease in the speed of the sequence switch 15. p

As soon as the sequence switch 15 reaches its position e, another circuit is established from a tap-point in the control resistor 16, through conductor 56, control fingers57 and 58, which are bridged by contact segment 59 of the master controller, conductors 60 and 65, actuating coilof the switch R1, conductor 66, control fingers 67y and 29, which are temporarily "bridged by contactsegment 31 ofthe sequence switch 15 R1-in and,l therefore, the disengagement ofcontrol fingers 29 and 30 from the contact segment 31 does not interrupt the pilotmotor circuit. n f

As the` sequence switch 15 approaches its next position f, a new circuit is completed from the energized conductor 65, through conductor 70, actuating coil of the switch` R2, conductor 71 and control finger 72to the contact segment 31, whence circuity is` continuedV t0 the tap-point 25 in the controlA resistor 16,*as previously traced. o l

Consequently, in positions e and f of the sequence switch, the .resistor 12 is short` circuited in steps toeffeot smooth acceleraf tion of the motors to full series relation,L

as represented by position f ofthe sequence switch.y M

The pilot motor 1 is de-energized just before position fis reached by lreason of the disengagement of control finger 37 from the thence through conductors 28 and 26 to the As soon as the switch R1 is closed, a hold-kv Consequently, the disengage` contact-segment 39. Consequently, the sequence switch 15 automatically stops in its series connecting position f when the master controller occupies its position t. i

However, by actuating the master controller` MC to its position c,\a new circuit `is established from the contact segment through .control finger7 3, conductor 74, and control finger 75 to. .contact segment 39 of the sequence switch.A In this way, the pilot motor 1 is again energized to actuate the sequence switch toward its position g. Although the circuit just traced is interrupted in `that position, the initally traced circuit including control finger 3T' is again established by that time by reason ofthe peculiar configuration of the contact segment 39 and,

therefore, continuous movement of the sequence switch from position;e to positionl l occurs.

`After the sequence switch leaves position f, ka `new Acircuit is established from the energized .i conductor 70, through conductor 77,'actuating coil of the line switch L52, conductor 78 and control finger 79, to contact segment 31,. The line switch LS2 is thus closed to effect a direct connection between' trolly-connected conductor 44 andan intermediate point 84 in the accelerating resistorl12. `The switch LS1 thereupon drops out by reason of the exclusion of the interlock LS2-out from the circuit of its actuatingcoil.. n

As the sequence switch approaches posi-l tion g, control finger 67 becomes disengaged from the contact segment 31 to effect the openingA ofs'witch R1 and, subsequently, contact segmentv 31 engages control iinger 80, whence a new circuit is continued through conductor 81, interlock LS1-out, actuating coil of the switch G, conductor 82,

interlock B2-in and conductor 83 to the the resistor 12 and switch R2, where the cir-l cuit divides, one branch including armature vA3,;field winding F3, junction-point 48 and switch G to Ground, while the other branch includes armature A4, junctionpoint 49 and field winding F4 to Ground.` Energization of the pilot motor land,

therefore, movement of the ysequence switch 15continues until position 7L` is reached,l whereupon` the control finger 37 again beto deenergize the pilot motor and' effect stoppage of 4the sequence switch in the full parallel position 7L. l

In this position, control linger 67 again kcomes disengagedfrom contact segmentr 39 engages contact segment 3l, whereby the switch R1 is closed to short-circuit both sectie s oi? the accelerating resistor l2 and thus connect the mot-ors in full parallel relation.

'llo return the sequence switch l5 to its illustrated initial position (l, it is not necessanv to reverse the connections et the pilot motor l, since the sequence switch l5 is adapted to operate always in one direction or, in other words, movement ot the switch beyond position 7L serves to turn the switch, il.t oi" the preferred drum type, through a given angle until initial position d is occupied. Such movement oithe sequence switch obtained as iollows. The master controller MC is returned to its olif position, when it is desired to stop the car, whereupon the switch R1 opens by reason o'i the cle-energization of its actuating coil7 while the`line switch LS1 again closes by reason ot the reinsert-ion et interlocls @cout and Lfout in the circuit of its actuating coil. By moving the master controller to its position o or any other operative position7 when it is desired to again accelerate the inotors, the conductor G0 is energized and a circuit is completed therefrom through junction-iiioint (il, conductor G2, interloclrs liti-out and LS1-im conductor G3, control finger 64 and contact segment 39 ot t-he sequence switch l5 in its position 7L. Such enerojization obtains until the sequence switch lo has been rotated in the constant direction as tar as the position CZ, where the pilot motor circuit just traced is interrupted, but the se quence switch continues to move because ot the re-establishment ot' the control circuits already described, in connection with initial position d.

Furthermore, the proper action automatically occurs even through the sequence switch occupies soine operative position other than it, when it is desired to stop the vehicle. In such a case, the master controller is simply returned to its oft position and subsequently actuated to the selected operative position, whereupon the sequence switch runs through the remaining operative positions and as lar initial position (.7. as previously described. No switches are actuated dui-ingr this operation 'for the reason that control fingers 29 and 30 oi2 the sequence switch do not engage the contact scip ment 3l in any position except d, so that the actuating; coils oit switches Rl, R2, LS@ and (i cannot be energized through those control iliiigers. Moreover, the control lin- Iers 29, 30 and GS are not bridged by either ot the interloch's Ril-in and LSQ-in, since the corresponding' switches both occupy open or out positions.

Consequently, the pilot motor l operates as a straight series motor to quickly turn the d ruin i5 to its initial position (l, irrespective o1" what other position the drinn occupies when the master controller is actuated to an operative position to begin another nievement ot the vehicle.

do not wish lto be restricted to the specilic circuit Iconnections or arrangement olf parts herein set torth, as various modil'icntions thereof may be made without departing* iroin the spirit and scope ot nly invention. l desire, therei'ore, that only such liinitationsA shall be imposed Vupon my invention as are indicated in the appended claims.

l claim as my invention:

l. ln a system oilf control, the combination with a main dynamo-electrie machine. ot' a controlling device therei'oi', an auxiliary' dynamo-electric machine 'for :actin-tingv said de vice, and means ior causing said auxiliary machine to operate in accordance with t i Hlain niotor load and its own load different operating; conditions oi" the tem.

2. In a system. of control, the combination with a main dynanioelectric machine, oit a controlling device therefor, a switch "for olfiectinp; ccrain main-machine connections.

an au: ilary dynamo-electric .iniuthine :lor actuating said device7 and means governed by said switch for regolati; the operation of said auxiliary machine.

In a system ot' control. the combination with a main dynamoclectric machin-f:7 ot a controlling` device therefor, a switch for elilfccting; certain niain-inachine conne-ctiont,y1 an. auxiliary dynamo-electric machine 'tor actuatint,V said device7 and means Ator energ'izing;` said auxiliary machine as a series motor uji ss .faid switch occupies a predeterminei'l position.

4t. ln a system oi control, the combination with a in in dynamo-electric. machine, oi a rolling` device therefor, a switch for ctcertain in ain-machine coi'u'iections7 a ,iary dynamo-electric machine ttor acno; said fflevice., and moans responsive to the closure oi said switch 'or render-in uthe the cnero'ization oi said auxiliary machine dciiendcnt upon iredocrnrined electrical conditions in. the main machine.

ifi. ln a. system o V multi-(ih the ('oinbiinitiou 'with a main d vnanio-clcrlric machine. olz :i controlling; device therefor. a switch 'l'or eil'cctino' certain inainsuiachinc cornuwtions. an aui'iiliauv dynamo-e tric machine tor actuating' said device,` and ineens acts'zatcd by the closure ot' said switch 'tor rendering;- the operation oit said auxiliary niachiiu depend ent upon thc Inain-nim-hine load.

G. ln a svsteui oi" contro'h the cmnhination with a niain (lynnmo-clcctri machine` ol" a (ontrolhngg device therefor, a switch ior eilbctini; :t supply-circuit connection tor the main ni. vune, an auxiliary dynaino-clectrir machine tor actuating said device and means il`or cnero'izii'ig said aufiliary machine as a series motor unless said switch is closed.

7. In a system of control, the combination electric machine, of a controlling "device therefor, a switch" for completing the connection of said machine across said supply circuit, an auxiliary dynamo-electric', machine for actuating said device, and means responsive to the closure of said switch for connecting the field windings of the two machines in parallel relation'.`

8. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine, of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine fof actuating said device, a plurality of switches for effecting certain main-circuit connections, and means; dependent upon the closure of one switch and the opening of another for effecting movement of the controlling device from its final operative position to its off position.

9. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine, of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine for actuating said device, a line switch and another switch for governing the main machine, and means dependent upon the closure of the line switch `and the opening of said other switch for effecting movement of the controlling device in the forward direction from its final operative position to its olf position.

y 10. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine, of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine for actuating said device and having an armature and a field winding and means for varying the voltages of said armature and field winding inversely as the main-machine load increases.

11. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine. of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine for actuating said device, a switch for` effecting certain maincircuit connections, and means responsive to the closure of said switch for decreasing the armature voltage and increasing the field voltage of said auxiliary machine.

12. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine, of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamo-electric machine for actuating said device, a plurality of switches for effecting certain main-circuit connections, and means dependent upon the position of said switches for effecting movement of the controlling de-L vice from any operative `position toy the initial position.

13. In a system of control, the combination with a main dynamo-electric machine, of a controlling device therefor, an auxiliary dynamoeelectric machine for actuating said device, a plurality of switches for effecting certain main-machine connections, means dependent upon thevposition of said switches for effecting movement of the controlling device in the forwardzdirection from any operative position to the initial position, and means for preventing main-machine operation during such movement. I

\ 14C. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine anda controlling device therefor, of means responsive respectively to the machine load and to only its own current under different operating conditions of the ysystem for actuating said device.

15. In a system of control, `the combirY nation with a dynamo-electric machine and i a controlling device therefor, of a switch for effecting certain machine-circuit connections, means for actuating said device, and` `effecting certain machine-circuit connections, means for actuating said device, and. means responsive to the closure of said `switch for rendering the operation of said actuating means dependent upon the machine load.

18.`In a system `of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine and a controlling device therefor,iof a switch for effecting certain machine-circuit connectionsp1ural-winding means for actuating said device, and means responsive to the closure of said switch for connecting certain of thewindings of said machine and of said plural-winding means in parallelv relation.

19. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine and a controlling device therefor, of a pluralwinding means for actuating said device, and connections whereby the voltages of the lwindings of said plural-winding means are varied inversely as the machine load increases.

20. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine and a controlling device therefor, of a pluralwinding means for actuating said device, a switch for effecting certain machine-circuit connections, and means responsive to the closure of said switch for respectively increasing and decreasing the voltages of the windings ofsaid p1ural-winding means.

machine Held Winding in parallel relation to one of the windings of Said actuating 10 means.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this ith clay of (Jet. 1919.

BASCUM O. AUSTIN. 

